How Adjective And Adverb Clause Works - We have already discussed about what is Independent and dependent clause beforehand in order to understand about clause. In this time, I want to explain about what is adjective and adverb clause.
Adjective clause and adverb clause is a dependent clause. Henceforth, both of them needs the main clause or independent clause to form a complete sentence in writing. Dependent clause is functioned to explain more about what the main clause or independent clause is talking about.
Perhaps reader questioned how to identify whether it is an adjective clause or adverb clause. Well, to know whether it is an adjective clause or adverb clause, we should know how it works beforehand.
Example 1:
Using subject pronoun (i.e., who.) that used to describe noun as person.
- The girl is happy.
(Who's happy in this clause is the girl. It means this is a complete sentence that can stand alone.)
- She won the gold medal in the championship.
(Adjective is to describe, or identify person, then we must know about what she looks like in here that won the gold medal.)
Connected form: The girl who won the gold medal in the championship is happy.
(The underlined word is an adjective clause.)
*Note that to connect the dependent clause to a independent clause form in this discussion, the subject/object pronoun is connected directly to a noun. There are also adjective clause that modify pronoun. In addition, if we want to use conjunction "Which"—it used only to describe or identify things or object. While conjunction "That" used only for both person and object.
Example 2:
Using "whose" in adjective clause to show possession of the noun.
- I came from a country.
- Its history goes back thousands of years.
Connected form: I came from a country whose history goes back thousands of years.
(The underlined word is adjective clause, because it describe the country's history.)
- The professor is excellent.
- I am taking his course.
Connected form: The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
(The underlined word is adjective clause. It describes the professor's course)
- I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
- I have to call the man.
Connected form:
I have to call the man whose umbrella I accidentally picked up after the meeting.
(The underlined word is adjective clause)
Example 3:
Using "When" in adjective clause to modify a noun of time.
I am thinking about two things, they are:
- Monday until Saturday are the days.
- I have to teach then (on that day)
Connected form: Monday until Saturday are the days when I have to teach.
(The underlined word is the adjective clause. It describes about the days)
Example 4:
Using "Where" in adjective clause to modify a noun of place.
I am thinking about two things:
- That is Bandung city.
- I live there. (in that place)
Connected form: That is Bandung city where I live.
(The underlined word is adjective clause. It modifies Bandung city as location where I live)
Example 1:
Using subordinating conjunction of time "Before, and After".
Yesterday, I had two situations/ideas:
- First: I went to bed at 11.00.
- Then: The phone rang at 11.05.
Connected form: I went to bed before the phone rang.
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Before the phone rang, I went to bed.
(The underlined word is adverb clause. It answers when I go to bed is occurred)
*Note that if adverb clause precedes an Independent clause, a comma is used to separate the clauses.
Last year, I had two situations/ideas:
- First: I graduated from university in 2015.
- Then: I had a job
Connected form: I had job after I graduated from university. Or..
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: After I graduated from university, I had a job.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers when I have a job.)
Example 2:
Using subordinating conjunction "Because and As long as." to show cause and effect.
There are two situations:
- First: The weather is cold
- Then: We stay at home (Expected result)
Connected form: We stay at home because the weather is cold. Or...
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Because the weather is cold, we stay at home.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers the question why we stay.)
Or..
- First: The furnace is warm.
- Then: We stay comfortably.
Connected form: We stay comfortably because the furnace make us warm.
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Because the furnace make us warm, we stay comfortably.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify adverb. It answers why we stay comfortably.)
There are two situations:
- First: Someone asking a favor to me and I am not busy at this time.
- Then: I can help.
Connected form: I can help, as long as I am not busy. Or...
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: As long as I am not busy, I can help.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers the question under what extent I can help.)
Example 3:
Using subordinate conjunction "Even though" to show opposition of unexpected result
Let us create some situation:
- First: It was late.
- Then: I am still working.
Connected form: I am still working, even though it was late. Or...
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Even though it was late, I am still working.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb+ing. It answers how I am still working.)
*There are also "Although and Though," both are the same in meaning. It is often used to show opposition of unexpected result as well.
Using subordinate conjunction "While and Whereas" to show direct opposition.
Let us create some situation:
- Muslims in Indonesia prosecute the abuser of Al Furqan.
- One with variable party in Indonesia defends the abuser of Al Furqan.
Connected form:
Muslims in Indonesia prosecutes the abuser of Al Furqan, while one with variable party in Indonesia defends the abuser.
Muslims in Indonesia prosecutes the abuser of Al Furqan, whereas one with variable party in Indonesia defends the abuser.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers the question where the direct opposition acts against the first opposition.)
*Note that a punctuation mark of comma is always used to separate the clauses whether it precedes an independent clause or not.
Example 4:
Using subordinate conjunction "If" to present possible condition.
Let us create some situation:
- First possible condition: The weather is rain.
- After possible condition: The street gets wet.
Connected form: The street gets wet if the weather is rain.
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: If the weather is rain, the street gets wet.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify adjective. It answers in what condition the street gets wet.)
Using subordinate conjunction "Only if" to express idea that there is only one condition that cause particular result.
Let us create some situation:
- First possible condition: It rains.
- After possible condition: The journey will be suspended.
Connected form:
The journey will be suspended only if it rains. (But, if it is not rain, we will go on the journey.)
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Only if it rains, the journey will be suspended.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers in what particular condition the journey will be suspended.)
Click like, if you satisfied
Schrampfer Azar, Betty. (1989). Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey: USA. Prentice Hall, Inc.
Websites
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
wordsmile.com
Adjective clause and adverb clause is a dependent clause. Henceforth, both of them needs the main clause or independent clause to form a complete sentence in writing. Dependent clause is functioned to explain more about what the main clause or independent clause is talking about.
Perhaps reader questioned how to identify whether it is an adjective clause or adverb clause. Well, to know whether it is an adjective clause or adverb clause, we should know how it works beforehand.
Adjective Clause
Adjective clause functions as an adjective that modifies the noun, in other words, it works to describes, identifies, and give further information about the noun. It uses conjunction that function as subject/object pronoun (i.e., who, which, that, when, where, whose) to connect them to the independent clause. For instance:Example 1:
Using subject pronoun (i.e., who.) that used to describe noun as person.
- The girl is happy.
(Who's happy in this clause is the girl. It means this is a complete sentence that can stand alone.)
- She won the gold medal in the championship.
(Adjective is to describe, or identify person, then we must know about what she looks like in here that won the gold medal.)
Connected form: The girl who won the gold medal in the championship is happy.
(The underlined word is an adjective clause.)
*Note that to connect the dependent clause to a independent clause form in this discussion, the subject/object pronoun is connected directly to a noun. There are also adjective clause that modify pronoun. In addition, if we want to use conjunction "Which"—it used only to describe or identify things or object. While conjunction "That" used only for both person and object.
Example 2:
Using "whose" in adjective clause to show possession of the noun.
- I came from a country.
- Its history goes back thousands of years.
Connected form: I came from a country whose history goes back thousands of years.
(The underlined word is adjective clause, because it describe the country's history.)
- The professor is excellent.
- I am taking his course.
Connected form: The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.
(The underlined word is adjective clause. It describes the professor's course)
- I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
- I have to call the man.
Connected form:
I have to call the man whose umbrella I accidentally picked up after the meeting.
(The underlined word is adjective clause)
Example 3:
Using "When" in adjective clause to modify a noun of time.
I am thinking about two things, they are:
- Monday until Saturday are the days.
- I have to teach then (on that day)
Connected form: Monday until Saturday are the days when I have to teach.
(The underlined word is the adjective clause. It describes about the days)
Example 4:
Using "Where" in adjective clause to modify a noun of place.
I am thinking about two things:
- That is Bandung city.
- I live there. (in that place)
Connected form: That is Bandung city where I live.
(The underlined word is adjective clause. It modifies Bandung city as location where I live)
Adverb Clause
Adverb clause functions to describe, identifies, or give further information that answer the questions of how, how much, when, where, why, and under what condition of a verb, adjective, and another adverb or any other types of word/phrase are performed. It uses subordinating conjunction of time, cause and effect, opposition, condition and etc, in order to connect to the independent clause and modify the verb or other. For instance:Example 1:
Using subordinating conjunction of time "Before, and After".
Yesterday, I had two situations/ideas:
- First: I went to bed at 11.00.
- Then: The phone rang at 11.05.
Connected form: I went to bed before the phone rang.
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Before the phone rang, I went to bed.
(The underlined word is adverb clause. It answers when I go to bed is occurred)
*Note that if adverb clause precedes an Independent clause, a comma is used to separate the clauses.
Last year, I had two situations/ideas:
- First: I graduated from university in 2015.
- Then: I had a job
Connected form: I had job after I graduated from university. Or..
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: After I graduated from university, I had a job.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers when I have a job.)
Example 2:
Using subordinating conjunction "Because and As long as." to show cause and effect.
There are two situations:
- First: The weather is cold
- Then: We stay at home (Expected result)
Connected form: We stay at home because the weather is cold. Or...
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Because the weather is cold, we stay at home.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers the question why we stay.)
Or..
- First: The furnace is warm.
- Then: We stay comfortably.
Connected form: We stay comfortably because the furnace make us warm.
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Because the furnace make us warm, we stay comfortably.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify adverb. It answers why we stay comfortably.)
There are two situations:
- First: Someone asking a favor to me and I am not busy at this time.
- Then: I can help.
Connected form: I can help, as long as I am not busy. Or...
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: As long as I am not busy, I can help.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers the question under what extent I can help.)
Example 3:
Using subordinate conjunction "Even though" to show opposition of unexpected result
Let us create some situation:
- First: It was late.
- Then: I am still working.
Connected form: I am still working, even though it was late. Or...
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Even though it was late, I am still working.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb+ing. It answers how I am still working.)
*There are also "Although and Though," both are the same in meaning. It is often used to show opposition of unexpected result as well.
Using subordinate conjunction "While and Whereas" to show direct opposition.
Let us create some situation:
- Muslims in Indonesia prosecute the abuser of Al Furqan.
- One with variable party in Indonesia defends the abuser of Al Furqan.
Connected form:
Muslims in Indonesia prosecutes the abuser of Al Furqan, while one with variable party in Indonesia defends the abuser.
Muslims in Indonesia prosecutes the abuser of Al Furqan, whereas one with variable party in Indonesia defends the abuser.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers the question where the direct opposition acts against the first opposition.)
*Note that a punctuation mark of comma is always used to separate the clauses whether it precedes an independent clause or not.
Example 4:
Using subordinate conjunction "If" to present possible condition.
Let us create some situation:
- First possible condition: The weather is rain.
- After possible condition: The street gets wet.
Connected form: The street gets wet if the weather is rain.
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: If the weather is rain, the street gets wet.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify adjective. It answers in what condition the street gets wet.)
Using subordinate conjunction "Only if" to express idea that there is only one condition that cause particular result.
Let us create some situation:
- First possible condition: It rains.
- After possible condition: The journey will be suspended.
Connected form:
The journey will be suspended only if it rains. (But, if it is not rain, we will go on the journey.)
Adv.C precedes an Indp.C form: Only if it rains, the journey will be suspended.
(The underlined word is adverb clause that modify verb. It answers in what particular condition the journey will be suspended.)
Click like, if you satisfied
REFERENCE
BooksSchrampfer Azar, Betty. (1989). Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey: USA. Prentice Hall, Inc.
Websites
learnenglish.britishcouncil.org
wordsmile.com
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